Yes - if you don't take the right steps to prevent it. iOS (the operating system that your phone runs on) will use GPS predominantly to find your location. However, when the fix is less than ideal (cloud cover etc..) it may well use your internet (WiFi, E, 3G, 4G) to increase the accuracy. 

Luckily for you there are a few steps you can take to prevent this:
  1. Open the Settings app on your iPhone 
  2. Tap 'Mobile' (occasionally Cellular)
  3. Turn 'Mobile Data' off orturn 'Data Roaming' off. 
What is the difference between mobile data and data roaming? 
Data roaming will automatically turn off your mobile data when abroad so that you don't get a nasty surprise when you return home. In contrast, mobile data will turn off your mobile data wherever you are (i.e. both home and abroad). So, if you're an American skiing in Aspen and you don't want to use data turning off mobile data is the one for you. 

As ever, our team are happy to talk you through any problems/concerns that you might have. Just contact us through this help centre.